Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Fear - Essay Example Or indeed, if I have wronged anyone, I want to make it right. This shows me to have strong moral and ethical beliefs. It is possibly this which makes me unafraid of punishment after death. My choices also show that I have trust, hope and faith. These are evidenced in my not fearing death to be the end of feeling and thinking, nor of taking a long time to die or of losing control of what is being done to my body. I trust those who would be caring for me, be they loved ones or medical professionals to do the best for me. I have hope that something might turn up. I recognize that some answers show a cluster of fear of the unknown, being afraid of nothingness, the end of everything, and of dying because I do not know what happens next. My fear of pain also emerges via the responses to pain of dying or dying suddenly and violently. Finally, I fear to die alone. Contributions from Upbringing: These results highlight the love, care and attention I received in my upbringing. That though there may not have been overtly religious influences, a strong moral and ethical code has been instilled, more humanist in belief than religion-driven. I was taught to care about other people, not to let them down and to expect the same in return. In fearing the unknown, the possible end to everything, suggests that Heaven and Hell were not concepts that figured largely in my childhood. Love, loyalty and kindness are the prime factors which have helped to form my adult views and values. Pain is something I must have experienced either in myself or a loved one, as the results suggest I really fear it. Overall, I am more optimistic than pessimistic, positive rather than negative. Contribution from Personal Culture: With regard to this, although I believe myself to be well-equipped to handle life, I perceive that today the human being is driven to find out more, to own all the knowledge available out there. It is as if the idea of 'anybody can do/be/have/ anything' is the leading factor of living. Fear and frustration emerge when that which cannot be known is presented to me. Then, I am afraid of being powerless in the face of that unknowable, the nothingness which might exist. Also, we have such faith in science, that it will prolong life and provide all the answers, help to take away the pain of living and dying. There seems to me to be a sort of odd contradiction here, being both hope and fear together. Personal Beliefs and Attitudes: Carrying out the survey and analysis has been valuable and 3 enlightening for me.

Estimation Importance In Project Management Information Technology Essay

Estimation Importance In Project Management Information Technology Essay Objective of the report: The objective of this report is to investigate the use of Estimation of project parameters like project cost and time, in Project Management. The report starts with the definition of the estimation and its use for a successful project management. A brief description of project estimation process is explained in the report, along with the basic classification of the types of estimates that can be performed for a successful project management. The issues involved in estimating the project parameters in real-time are investigated in a detailed manner. Then critical evaluation of various estimation methods is performed. A complete analysis of the methods evaluated in the report is performed. Finally, the report is concluded with the suggestions on selecting a particular Project Estimation process for a successful Project Management. Importance of Estimation in project management: The four major parameters that control the software projects are time, requirements, resources (people, infrastructure/materials and money), and risks. This is one of the reasons why making good estimates of these variables like time and resources required for a project is very critical. But if the estimation is lower than the project needs it will affect the progress of the project due to the lack of enough time, money, infrastructure/materials, or people. At the same time even if the estimation is over estimated then the company will have to face losses due to the extra expenses or even if the project is sanctioned other projects dont go on since there is less to go around. For any successful project management, estimation is a vital part of project methodology. Estimation has numerous applications like justification of project which has to be applied in the initial stages of the project where in we need to anticipate the benefits which is compared with the costs incurred as well as to decipher comparisons and conclusions that has to be made with technical and functional teams involved in the project. The other additional applications of the estimation are to implement the disciplines required, to protect the resources required to deliver the project successfully, to ensure the support impact of the project is fully understood, to inform and improve the software development process. This document describes the techniques used to produce reliable estimates for the work required to complete projects and tasks. Estimation process: Definition: Project estimation is a process of forecasting or approximating the project parameters like cost, time, effort etc., for a successful completion of the project deliverables. Overview of the Estimation Process: The first point to be remembered about estimation is that it does not finish until the completion of project and is a process of a slow and gradual refinement. For many software projects a project manager can assist the team to create successful estimates by using sound techniques and understanding about what makes estimate more accurate. The team chosen to produce an estimate are typically drawn from IS, customers and/or service partners who have relevant experience of similar previous projects or tasks in the business area. When we want to start a project we need to know basic parameters required in advance like how long it will take, how many people it will require, how much effort it will require. In such cases it is hard to estimate because in many cases projects overrun or project go over budget. Always a good estimation practices keep the project on track and even can earn some time for the tricky, interesting areas. Our estimation process is based on three components: Expert judgement, Consultation with qualified experts from within business and service partners. This is supplemented, where required, by expert input  from software suppliers and consultants.   Experience,  i.e. comparison of the proposed project or task with previously completed work. Task Decomposition, i.e. decomposing the project into components, i.e. a Work Breakdown Structure, and estimating each component individually to produce an overall estimate. This will also reduce the chances of error occurrence. When to estimate: A rough estimate is needed at the initial stage of the project or probably even before the actual project starts. This is because, the final negotiations should be made with the customer, which needs the rough estimate of the cost, time and quality of the project. Also, Estimation is a process of gradual refinement. It should be performed in parallel with the project development, in several phases. Each estimate will be refined to give a converged estimate towards the end of the project. Estimation should be carried out until the completion of project deliverables. There are basically two approaches for estimating project parameters. They are; Top-down estimation approach Bottom-up estimation approach Top-down estimation approach: Top-down estimation approach is usually used at the initial stages of the project. This estimation is usually carried out by the top managers who have little knowledge of the processes involved in the completion of the project. The input to this estimation is either information or the experience of the manager carrying out the estimation. These top-down estimation methods are often used to evaluate the project proposal. In most cases, the best results can be achieved in estimation only when one used both top-down and bottom-up estimation methods. However, it is practically not possible to carry out bottom-up methods until the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) are clearly defined. In such cases, top-down estimates are used until the WBS becomes available. There are many methods in top-down approach listed below: Consensus methods: This estimation method uses experience of a group of people to estimate the project parameters. This method involves project meetings, a place where these people can discuss, argue and finally come to a conclusion from their best guess estimate. The Delphi method comes under this category. Ratio methods: These estimation methods use ratios to estimate project times and costs. For example, in a construction work, the total cost of the project can be estimated by knowing the number of square feet. Likewise, a software project is estimated by its complexity and its features. Approximation methods: This estimation method is very useful when the project to be estimated is closely related to any of the previous projects in terms of its features and costs. By using the historical data of the estimates, good estimates can be approximated with very little effort. Function point methods: Many software projects are usually estimated using weighted macro variables called function points. Function points can be number of inputs, number of outputs, number of inquiries, number of data files, and number of interfaces. These function points are weighted again with a complexity level and summed up to get the total cost or duration estimates of the project. Bottom-up estimation approach: Top-down estimation approach can usually be put in practice once the project is defined or once there is some progress in the project. This means, this estimation is more into work package level, which are responsible for low-cost estimates and efficient methods. It is often recommended that this estimation is usually carried out by people most knowledgeable about the estimate needed. The cost, time, resource estimates from the work packages can be checked with the associated accounts to major deliverables. Also, these estimates in later stages can be consolidated into phased networks, resource schedules, and budgets that used for control. Additionally, customer will get an opportunity to compare the low-cost, efficient method with any imposed restrictions, using bottom-up approach. There are many methods in top-down approach listed below: Template methods: If the project to be estimated is similar to any of the past projects, then estimates of the past projects can be used as starting point estimates for the new project. This is similar to approximation estimation in top-down approach. Parametric procedures: These parametric procedures are same like ratio methods in top-down approach. However, here the parametric procedures are applied on specific tasks. Detailed estimates for WBS work packages: This is usually most reliable method of all estimation methods. The reason for this is that here the estimates are performed by people responsible for the work packages in Work Breakdown Structure. These people have prior knowledge or experience upon the tasks they perform specified in WBS, because of which the estimates are usually most reliable. In addition to the top-down and bottom-up approaches, there is another kind of estimating which is a hybrid of the above two approaches. This is called as Phase Estimating. When there is unusual amount of uncertainty is surrounded by the project, people go for phase estimating. In this approach, two-estimate system is used over the life-cycle of the project. The whole project is initially divided into phases. Then a detailed estimate is developed for the immediate phase, and a macro-estimate is mode for the remaining phases of the project. Difficulties in Estimation: There are two major cases where Estimation problems almost always boil down to estimates that are either too high or too low. Padded estimates, where the team members intentionally over estimates in order to give themselves extra time to work, are a chronic source of estimates that are too high. Other case arises when senior managers give unrealistic deadlines that are a chronic source of estimates that are too low. Both the cases can lead to morale problems. Estimation Tools: Software tools are very important for estimation. Estimation tools are the software packages implemented using any of the estimation methods as its algorithm, to make project managers life easy. These estimation tools help from skipping important tasks in a method. These tools are useful to organise, update and store the results of the estimates. Also, Estimation Tools are useful to: Estimate project size using Function Points or other metrics. Derive effort and schedule from the project estimates using various algorithms and techniques. Perform analysis with staffing, duration etc. and appreciate how realistic they are. Produce and update results like Gantt charts and other tables easily. Maintain and exploit a database of historic data. Import data from other projects run in organisations with which you have no connection. However, one should very carefully select the estimation tools for a particular project. Principle: Required functional capabilities of estimation tools should match the needs and desired capabilities specific to the project. In selecting an estimation tool, one should match the available tools with the overall requirements of the project. In general, estimation tools should: Be very adaptive to any projects development environment, so that one can customize the tool according to the project needs. Be comparatively easy to understand, learn and use. Be able to produce some early project estimates without waiting for the whole project to be completely defined designed. Be able to provide estimates for different phases and activities in the project, if it is classified so. Understand and support wide range of languages and applications, as it is really important for a tool to provide estimates specific to the applications. Be able to provide accurate schedule estimates, whose purpose is not only to predict task completion given task sequence and available resources, but also to establish starting and ending dates for the associated work packages and life-cycle phases. Be able to provide maintenance estimates separately, which includes correcting errors, modifying the software to accommodate changes in requirements, and extending and enhancing software performance. Critical evaluation of the estimation tools: There are many tools in the market for project estimation. However, I am investigating a few and very efficient tools in the current market. PROBE: The name PROBE is derived from Proxy Based Estimating, introduced by Watts Humphrey (of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University). Principle: If a component being built is similar to one built previously, then the effort it takes would be about the same as it did in the past. It mainly helps individual software engineers monitor, test, and improve their own work. Each component in the database is assigned a type (calculation, data, logic, etc.) and a size (from very small to very large). Also, a database is used to store history of size and effort details of these individual components. Later on, when a new project must be estimated, it is broken down into tasks that correspond to these types and sizes. A formula based on linear regression is used to calculate the estimate for each task. Additional information on PROBE can be found in A Discipline for Software Engineering by Watts Humphrey (Addison Wesley, 1994). COCOMO: The COCOMO is the most used estimation tool in the market for cost and schedule estimating. The COCOMO is derived from Constructive Cost Model, developed by Barry Boehm in the early 1980s. Principle: The model developed empirically by running a study of many software development projects and statistically analyzing their results. There by developing a database of the analysed details. Boehm developed COCOMO empirically by running a study of 63 software development projects and statistically analyzing their results. COCOMO II was developed in the 1990s as an updated version for modern development life cycles, and it is based on a broader set of data. The COCOMO calculation incorporates 15 cost drivers, variables that must be provided as input for a model that is based on the results of those studied projects. These variables cover software, computer, personnel, and project attributes. The output of the model is a set of size and effort estimates that can be developed into a project schedule. Additional information on COCOMO can be found in Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II by Barry Boehm et al. (Prentice Hall PTR, 2000). The Planning Game: The Planning Game is the software project planning method from Extreme Programming (XP), a lightweight development methodology developed by Kent Beck in the 1990s at Chrysler. It is a method used to manage the negotiation between the engineering team (Development) and the stakeholders (Business). It gains some emotional distance from the planning process by treating it as a game, where the playing pieces are user stories written on index cards and the goal is to assign value to stories and put them into production over time. Unlike PROBE, COCOMO and Delphi, the Planning Game does not require a documented description of the scope of the project to be estimated. Rather, it is a full planning process that combines estimation with identifying the scope of the project and the tasks required to complete the software. Like much of XP, the planning process is highly iterative. The scope is established by having Development and Business work together to interactively write the stories. Then, each story is given an estimate of 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Stories that are larger than that are split up into multiple iterations. Business is given an opportunity to steer the project between iterations. The estimates themselves are created by the programmers, based on the stories that are created. Finally, commitments are agreed upon. This is repeated until the next iteration of the project is planned. Additional information on the Planning Game can be found in Extreme Programming Explained by Kent Beck (Addison Wesley, 2000). Critical analysis: In order to have the best estimates of a project, make some rough top-down estimates initially, develop the WBS, using which make bottom-up estimates, and develop schedules and estimates and finally, reconcile the differences between top-down and bottom-up approaches. Also for ideal results, the project manager should allow some time to carry out top-down and bottom-up estimates, there by reliable estimates can be offered to the customer. This will in turn reduce the false expectations for stakeholders. Phase estimation approach is much useful in the projects, whose final nature (shape, size, features) is highly uncertain. COCOMO II can be used for the following major decision situations Making investment or other financial decisions involving a software development effort Setting project budgets and schedules as a basis for planning and control Deciding on or negotiating tradeoffs among software cost, schedule, functionality, performance or quality factors Making software cost and schedule risk management decisions Deciding which parts of a software system to develop, reuse, lease, or purchase Making legacy software inventory decisions: what parts to modify, phase out, outsource, etc Setting mixed investment strategies to improve organizations software capability, via reuse, tools, process maturity, outsourcing, etc Deciding how to implement a process improvement strategy, such as that provided in the SEI CMM Conclusion:

Night :: essays research papers

In 1944, in the village of Sighet, Romania, twelve-year-old Elie Wiesel spends much time and emotion on the Talmud and on Jewish mysticism. His instructor, Moshe the Beadle, returns from a near-death experience and warns that Nazi aggressors will soon threaten the serenity of their lives. However, even when anti-Semitic measures force the Sighet Jews into supervised ghettos, Elie's family remains calm and compliant. In spring, authorities begin shipping trainloads of Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex. Elie's family is part of the final convoy. In a cattle car, eighty villagers can scarcely move and have to survive on minimal food and water. One of the deportees, Madame Schà ¤chter, becomes hysterical with visions of flames and furnaces. At midnight on the third day of their deportation, the group looks in horror at flames rising above huge ovens and gags at the stench of burning flesh. Guards wielding billy clubs force Elie's group through a selection of those fit to work and those who face a grim and improbable future. Elie and his father Chlomo lie about their ages and depart with other hardy men to Auschwitz, a concentration camp. Elie's mother and three sisters disappear into Birkenau, the death camp. After viewing infants being tossed in a burning pit, Elie rebels against God, who remains silent. Every day, Elie and Chiomo struggle to keep their health so they can remain in the work force. Sadistic guards and trustees exact capricious punishments. After three weeks, Elie and his father are forced to march to Buna, a factory in the Auschwitz complex, where they sort electrical parts in an electronics warehouse. The savagery reaches its height when the guards hang a childlike thirteen year old, who dies slowly before Elie's eyes. Despairing, Elie grows morose during Rosh Hashanah services. At the next selection, the doctor culls Chlomo from abler men. Chlomo, however, passes a second physical exam and is given another chance to live. Elie undergoes surgery on his foot. Because Russian liberation forces are moving ever closer to the Nazi camp, SS troops evacuate Buna in January 1945. The Wiesels and their fellow prisoners are forced to run through a snowy night in bitter cold over a forty-two mile route to Gleiwitz. Elie binds his bleeding foot in strips of blanket. Inmates who falter are shot. Elie prays for strength to save his father from death. At a makeshift barracks, survivors pile together.

Maori Health Care in New Zealand Essay

Access to health is a fundamental right of all human beings (WHO; 2004). If all people had access to health care then no disparities would be found between different groups. However, according to Giddings (2005) the health status of groups in various countries is not similar and have widened between groups since some groups are marginalised and others are privileged by their social identities. This may also be the case in New Zealand. Statistics by the Waikato District Health Board (2012) indicate that Maori as a group is more prone to ill health than any other ethnic groups in the region. Similar results were obtained by Howden, Chapman & Tobias (2000) who state that Maori have lesser health standing at levels such as all learning opportunities, job status and income than non-Maori. The general conclusion from these studies is therefore that there does seem to be a discrepancy with Maori health care. In order to address this, it is necessary to identify and address the relevant fact ors that can create a barrier to a level playing field for Maori as far as health is concerned and through this process give effect to the WHO’s â€Å"right to health† outcomes for all. Howden, Chapman & Tobias (2000) see the barriers to efficient Maori health care as being institutional racism, ongoing effects of colonization on Maori through tapering the Maori monetary base and reducing Maori political influence. Theunissen (2011) agrees in principal with this by concluding that the disparities in Maori health exist mainly due to an inconsistent consideration of Maori culture and social policies. Factors such as institutional discrimination (leading to interpersonal racism which is seen as breaches of human and indigenous rights), lack of respect and lack of cultural safe practises are seen as barriers to the provision of efficient health services. According to the Ministry of Health (2012) health is viewed within a framework of values, priorities, collective experience, customs, beliefs and place in society of which all is influenced by social policy. To improve Maori health and address inequalities within the social policy framework, one must therefore consult w ith Maori as to their health priorities and the manner in which it should be rendered. Maori’s perspectives on health are reflected in various models such as Te Whare Tapa Wha, Te Wheke and Te Pae Mahutonga with all of these models emphasising a holistic approach. In this paper the Te Pae Mahutonga model is used (Durie, 2003) to explain Maori health. The model identifies six  cornerstones of wellness namely Mauriora, Waiora, Toiora, Te Oranga, Te Mana Whakahaere and Nga Manukura. 1. Mauriora is associated with a secure cultural identity. Urbanisation broke the link between Maori and the land which caused insecure access to the Marae, Maori language issues and reduced opportunities for cultural expression in society. 2. Waiora is associated with environmental protection and linked to Maori’s spiritual world. It connects physical with mental wellness due to the interaction between the people and the environment (water, earth and cosmic) 3. Toiora is associated with a person’s lifestyle and relates to the willingness to engage in high risk experiences such as substance abuse, gambling, sedentary lifestyles and low moral values. The statistics for Maori in a Hawkes Bay study indicated that Maori was overrepresented as a group when compared to non-Maori (Ngati Kahungunu Iwi, 2003). 4. Te Oranga is dependent on a person ’s participation in society which is determined by social position. This in turn is a function of income, job status, choice of school and access to good health services. 5. Nga Manukura (leadership) refers to the ability of local leaders to assist health professionals with the health promotional effort. The formation of alliances between these different groups to enable and combine diverse perspectives will increase the effectiveness of health programs to a large degree as no single group have all the attributes or expertise to effect change. 6. Autonomy (Te Mana Whakahaere) is reflected in the level to which a community is able to determine their own aspirations, develop and implement measures to approve such initiatives and exert a level of control over the outcomes achieved. Of the six wellness described above all are impacted on through Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Maori have no autonomy other their affairs other than over their resources and taonga (treasures). Although there is a legal obligation to consult with Maori (Resource Management Act, 2003) when plans are formulated; and to listen to their input, it is not necessary to include them as part of the leadership of health plans or outcomes. Maori’s participation in society is largely determined by their social position whi ch is not as high as in a non-Maori society when viewed within Iwi or Whanua settings. This is further compromised by the perceived high risk Maori lifestyle which is not socially acceptable to non-Maoris. The broken link between Maori and their land/Marae reduces their confidence and  willingness to participate in opportunities for cultural expression in society. From the above it is clear that there are several factors that determine Maori health outcomes. Of this only racism will be addressed in this paper as it is considered one of the main barriers to efficient Maori health care. Racism comprises of institutional racism, interpersonal racism and internalised racism. According to Durey & Thompson (2012) the various forms of racism should not be considered discreet categories but rather seen as being interrelated. Singleton & Linton (2006) defines racism as ‘prejudice + power’. This appears in practise when one group holds sway over institutional power and converts their beliefs and attitudes into policies and practises. This is happening in the health care system when services are developed by non-Maori for non-Maori based on the western biomedical model. This model differs from the Te Pae Mahutonga model in that it concentrates on diagnosis and treatment instead of prevention. The biomedical approach to health care is forcing Maori to adhere to a system that is not in line with their beliefs or allow them to change it due to lack of sufficient representation. This implies that the aspects of autonomy and leadership that is seen as a cornerstone of the Te Pae Mahutonga health model cannot be exercised thus leading to poor health outcomes for Maori. When Maori accepts these outcomes and see themselves as being inferior to others the institutional racism become internalised leading to a further degradation in health care due to lack of participation in society (Durey & Thompson 2012). The fourth cornerstone (Te Oranga) is therefore weakened due to the inability of Maori to participate in society on their terms. Interpersonal racism occurs when there is a lack of awareness of Maori’s lived experiences and cultural meanings which manifests in poor communication or negative feedback and consequences. This contravenes the cornerstone of Mauriora which is important for cultural expression in society. Maori cannot effectively participate in health care if they are not able to express themselves according to their culture and beliefs because of the health care provider’s inability to understand them. This is reflected in the current breast and cervical screening programs that is lower among Maori woman than woman of other ethnicities. Element three of Te Tiriti o Waitangi deals with the aspect of citizenship  and the rights of citizens. This element states that Maori will have the British Crown’s protection and all the same rights as British subjects (Archives New Zealand, 2012). It is the definition of what constitutes same rights or Oritetanga that is at the heart of the matter. One viewpoint is to interpret Oritetanga as meaning the right to enjoy benefits that result in equal outcomes. Another is to define Oritetanga as access to equal opportunities meaning that there should be no distinction between the opportunities available for Maori and non-Maori (Barrett & Connolly-Stone, 1998). It does not matter which viewpoint is preferred as the end result should always be that Maori advance equally with non-Maori (Humpage & Fleras, 2001). This is in line with the comment from Theunissen (2006, p. 284) that â€Å"Where human rights pertain to Oritetanga, Maori have the right to be protected from discriminat ion and inequitable health outcomes†. According to Upton (1992) the New Zealand government has agreed that major differences still exist between the health status of Maori and non-Maori that cannot be ignored and that part of the problem is the rigidity of the health system causing it to be unable or reluctant to respond to Maori needs. This is in contrast to spirit of element three of Te Tiriti which infers indirectly to the notion of equal partnerships and monetary and cultural security, both of which contributes to hauora (spirit of life/health) of Maori. The continued poor response of the health system to improve Maori health can therefore be viewed as a violation of element three of Te Tiriti. Hill et al. (2010) concurs with the above in that Maori does not experience access to equal opportunities of quality and timely health care. Their view is one of Maori experiencing differential access and receiving health services from providers that practises institutional racism and professional prejudice (interpersonal racism). This in turn causes a negative impact on Maori self believe due to internalising the racism in their personal attitudes or beliefs (Hill et al., 2010). It is in this regard that the role of the nurse becomes critical important. It is generally acknowledged that the nurse’s individual cultural view point  sways his/her ability and manner they work with patients to forming trusted relationships. This framework may lead to societal prejudice when Maori is seen as being â€Å"personally responsible for their disparities due to an inferiority of genes and lack of intelligence or effort in caring for self† (Reid & Robson, 2006, p. 5). This is where cultural safe practises need to be applied in order to identify and resolve personal attitudes that may put Maori at risk. Safe practises also promote open mindedness that allows the health care professional to provide health services in line with Maori beliefs of healing and health. Such an approach will improve trust between the parties concerned and trust by Maori in the health care system. At the individual patient level nurses play an important role as they act as intermediaries between the health care professional and the client. The factors that influence the nurse’s professional ability in this framework are seen as cultural safety, advocating for patient rights and applying Maori models of care in preference to the biomedical model used in most western societies. According to Jansen et al. (2008) nurse-led interventions are the most fitting for providing healthcare services because they embrace culturally personalized approaches while Barton & Wilson (2008) see a Maori-centred move towards caring as supporting the nurse’s ability to provide culturally suitable care. Cram et al. (2003) go as far as to suggest that if health concepts are developed by Maori for Maori then the likelihood of wrongly representing cultural values will be eliminated. The role of the nurse in advocating for patient’s rights can be done at two levels. At the lower level it may involve interacting with the health profession in order to avoid bias towards Maori whilst at the highest level it may involve the nursing workforce acting as one to ensure changes in the health system that is fair to Maori. Action at both levels will endeavour to establish a consistent approach to be followed resulting in enhancing Oritetanga at social policy level (Jansen & Zwygart-Stauffacher, 2010). The Maori model of care Te Pae Mahutonga supports the development of a holistic approach in health care that is aimed at prevention rather than the â€Å"diagnosis and treatment† approach which is reflected in the biomedical  model. The hospital environment which forms the cornerstone of the biomedical approach is seen as unsuitable for Maori health improvement as they require access to mobile health care services in local and rural communities not hospitals. Whanua (broader family) participation is seen as an important part of the healing process and requires support mechanisms to enable this. Support mechanisms do not only include access to transport and housing but also an understanding of the role of karakia (prayer), Tapu and noa (risk and safety) and Wairua (spiritual force) (Ngati Kahungunu Iwi, 2003). The conclusion that can be reached from the above discussion is that Maori does not enjoy a level playing field as far as health care services are concerned and that the spirit of element three of Te Tiriti o Waitangi is not adhered to by government. Most Maori health plans emphasise the importance of interpersonal relationships, awareness of Maori belief systems, cultural identity and Maori lifestyle as important to health and see the development of health plans by Maori for Maori as one of the most important factors that will contribute to improving health care for Maori. References Archives New Zealand. (2012). Treaty2U: Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Retrieved from http://www.treaty2u.govt.nz/ Barrett, M. and Connolly-Stone K. (1998) The Treaty of Waitangi and Social Policy. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 11, 29—47. Barton, P. & Wilson, D. Te Kapunga Putohe (the restless hands): a Maori centred nursing practice model. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24 (2), 2-15 Cram, F., Smith, L., & Johnstone, W. (2003). Mapping the Themes of Maori Talk about Health. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 116, 1-7 Durey, A., & Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus. Health Services Research, 12, 151 Durie, M. (2003). Nga Kahui Pou: Launching Maori Futures. Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Giddings, L. S. (2005). Health Disparities, Social Injustice and Culture of Nursing. Nursing Research, 5, 304-312. Hill, S., Sarfati, D., Blakely, T., Robson, B., Purdie G & Kiwachi, I. (2010). Survival disparities in indigenous and non-Indigenous New Zealanders with colon cancer: The role of patient comorbidity, treatment and health service factors. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, 64, 117–123 Howden-Chapman, P. and Tobias, M. (2000). Social Inequalities in Health. Retrieved from www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/†¦/reducineqal.pdf Humpage, L., & Fleras, A. (2001). Intersecting discourses: Closing the gaps, social justice and the Treaty of Waitangi. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 16, 37–53. Jansen, M., & Zwygart-Stauffacher, M. (2010). Advanced practice nursing: Core concepts for professional role development. New York: Springer. Jansen, P., Bacal, K., & Crengle, S. (2008). He Ritenga Whakaaro: Maori experiences of health services. Auckland, New Zealand: Mauri Ora Asssociates Ministry of Health. (2012). Maori Health. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our- work/populations/maori-health New Zealand Legislation. (2003). Resource Management Act 2003. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2003/0023/latest/DLM194997.html Ngati Kahungunu Iwi. (2003). Moari Health Plan for Hawkes Bay Draft. Retrieved from www.kahungunu.iwi.nz/†¦/iwi†¦/HealingOurSpiritsHealthStrategy.pdf Reid P., & Robson B. (2006). The State of Mà  ori health. In: M Mulholland (ed). State of the Mà  ori Nation: Twenty-First Century Issues in Aotearoa. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed Singleton, G. & Linton, C. (2006). Courageous Conversations about Race: a field guide for achieving equity in schools. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press Theunissen, K. E. (2011). The nurse’s role in improving health disparities experienced by the indigenous Maori of New Zealand. Contemporary Nurse, 39(2), 281-286 Upton, S. (1992).Your Health and the Public Health: A Statement of Government Health Policy by the Hon Simon Upton, Minister of Health Wellington. Waikato District Health Board. (2012). Future Focus Section 5 Maori Health. Retrieved from http://www.waikatodhb.govt.nz/page/pageid/2145848209/Future_Focus World Health Organization. (2004). The World Health Report 2004. Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/whr/2004/en/

Iron and Silk: Mark Salzman`s Cultural Learning in China Essay

Iron and Silk is an autobiographical book by Mark Salzman, where he describes his two-year experience of living and working in China. During the period from 1982 to 1984 Salzman worked as an English language teacher at Hunan Medical College in Changsha and this experience became the basis for his novel. The main character of the novel is fond of Chinese lifestyle and culture. After graduating from the Chinese language department of Yale University he decides to leave for China in order to improve his language skills and get acquainted with Oriental life and culture. Spending much time leaning Chinese language and culture and traditions of this country Mark is sure that he is familiar with this country but reality comes to be quite different from his expectations. The book is a perfect insight into the life of China and its people and this experience is so valuable because we get the perspective of this life from the foreigner, a European man who gets into different world and has to find his ways there. Mark is fond of martial arts and calligraphy and this opens a lot of doors for him. He meets a lot of interesting people and they teach him their culture, traditions and way of thinking. When coming to China, Mark is aware about his future role as an English language teacher but he is not ready to find himself in the role of the pupil again. Luckily, he is optimistic and open to new experience and quickly adapts to his new role. He learns new things and uses every opportunity to broaden his outlook. Every person we meet in our life path can become our teacher if we are attentive to the lessons of the destine and Mark follows this principle and learns everywhere and from every person he meets. His students teach him rules of educational system adopted in China. Their shyness and politeness becomes a great surprise for Mark, who got used to Western freedom and liberalism in education. This is one of the aspects of striking differences between Eastern and Western cultures. Right after arrival Saltzman is stuck with poor conditions of life in the area where he arrives. Poverty, bureaucracy and bad conditions of life make Europeans think about the situation in Europe in the Middle Ages. Communist regime and political system of China becomes a great surprise for Mark, who grew up in a democratic country. The way Chinese people perceive Second World War is also very interesting and it will be very interesting for Western readers. The first thing he learns is dealing with closed system and government control, which exists in China. And despite Changsha has a reputation of place, â€Å"there is nothing to do, nothing to buy, the people have no manners, the food is terrible and their dialect sounds awful†, people find positive moments and enjoy their life. Another surprise comes to be much more pleasant (Salzman, 15). People in China show much politeness and respect to strangers. Attitude to children becomes another great surprise for Salzman. Polite and full of respect to strangers, Chinese people are very strict and demanding to their children. It takes time for Salzman to get used to such an attitude but his new friends explain him that such a treatment is usual and even more, â€Å"that is the Chinese way. † ( Saltzman) Saltzman uses this peculiarity of national character in order to get new experience and penetrate deeper into Chinese culture. He knows two popular Chinese dialects – Mandarin and Cantonese and this even increases respect to him. Salzman uses every opportunity to learn something new and destiny helps him to meet a lot of teachers, or masters on his way. He is lucky to get lessons of Wushu, or martial art, from one of the most popular kung fu masters of the modern time. Mark has learned martial art for nine years before he got to China but only there he uncoveres the true essence of this notion. Under the guidance of Teacher Pan he discovers that learning martial arts can be a kind of spiritual search and way to discover true inner self. â€Å"Do every move as if it were your last,† teaches him Master Pan and with these words expresses not only the essence of Wushu but the very essence of Oriental philosophy. (Salzman, 85) Little episodes and events, which happen to the author, show the readers how ordinary things can have deep meaning and influence the entire life if the person is open to new possibilities and new experiences. That is exactly what happens with Mark, for whom every meeting and every conversation becomes the sources of new information and useful lessons. He learns even from fishermen, who quickly recognize him as their friend and ask him to stay and fish with them. Learning Chinese calligraphy becomes another new experience, which opens new perspective for the author. Very soon he finds out that Chinese people have completely different attitude to writing that Westerners do. These people can turn everything into mastery, and calligraphy for them is much more than a way to put down words into paper. Salzman finds out that calligraphy is an art, where one hieroglyph can mean more than hundred words. It takes him some time to understand the words of his teacher, who told him that â€Å"No matter what the quality of brush or paper one should always treat them as if they were priceless. † (Salzman, 156) The art to enjoy every moment of life and ability to dedicate yourself to the thing you are doing at the moment is the main message his calligraphy teacher wants to pass to his European student. Written with great sense of humor, Silk and Iron is a very personal account of life of a Western person in strange surrounding. The book gives a glimpse of Chinese politics, culture, history, way of life and philosophy. The book can be interesting for people interested in marital arts, Oriental philosophy and Chinese culture. Sources Salzman, Mark. Iron and Silk, Vintage, 1987.

Lady Macbeth As A Catalyst To Evil

Lady Macbeth As A Catalyst To Evil The expression "behind every man, there is a woman,"‚  rings true even in the Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is the catalyst that ignites the fire to Macbeth's ambition. It is because she challenges his masculinity, questions his love, and belittles his bravery that Macbeth murders Duncan. His lady provides impetus for him to abandon all honorable nature in order to achieve what they both desire. Macbeth would not have murdered Duncan and continued on a downward spiral of evil were it not for the extra push from his ruthless and overly ambitious wife.Macbeth is filled with great hubris. Lady Macbeth plays on this pride when she challenges his masculinity. She goads him by saying, "When you durst do it, then you were a man / [. . .], you would / be so much more the man."‚  (Shakespeare, Macbeth. 1.7.49-51). Lady Macbeth tells her husband to kill Duncan to prove that he is a man, and states how much more of a man he will be as king.The sleepwalking Lady Macbe thEugene M. Waith states in his criticism Manhood and Valor in Macbeth, that "the pangs of Macbeth's conscience [. . .] are no more than effeminate, childish fears to Lady Macbeth."‚ (64) She has a great deal of power over Macbeth; this power is the mere truth that she possesses more of a manly quality that he himself does.Macbeth is ambitious enough to want to become king, but would not think of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knows this, she understands the necessity to push Macbeth into performing the deed. She does this by questioning his love for her. " What beast was't then / that made you break this enterprise to me?/ [. . .] I would, while it was smiling in my face, / have plucked my...

Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Essays

Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Essays Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Paper Physics The Domino Effect Lab Report Paper Controlled Variable: The number of dominoes used (8 dominoes), the distance between the dominoes (2 CM), the loads used as the initial force applied on the amino (egg), the inclined plane used as a platform that will direct the load to hit the first domino (200), the stopwatch used to time the domino effect, the person using the stopwatch, the person releasing the metal weight from the top of the inclined plane, the ruler used to measure the distance between the dominoes. Equipment 1 Inclined Plane 1 (50 g) Metal Weight 4 x 8 (20 g) Metal weight 8 Dominoes (Nun Stacks) 1 Digital Mass Balance (i 0. 1 g) 1 Masking Tape 1 Protractor 1 Ruler 1 Stopwatch (Â ± 0. 01 s) -34290039687500Diagram Analysis of Variables Independent Variable: The mass of the dominoes will vary ranging from 12. 38 g to 82. 38 g. The increase between each of the variable will be constantly 20 g, to satisfy the range of the mass; the original mass of the domino is 12. 38 g, and an additional mass from a 20 g of load will be attached on top of the domino for every change in variable. Dependent Variable: In accordance to the mass for every variable, the time taken of the domino effect to be completed (1st hit to the 8th fall) will also differ. Therefore, the time taken of the domino effect will depend on the change of mass of the dominoes. A stopwatch will be utilized to record the time of the chain of falling dominoes. Controlled Variable: Identified Variables Possible Impact on Results Specific Method for Control Distance between each center point of domino (2 CM) If the distance between each center point of domino differs for every domino in each trial, the time taken of the falling effect will also differ. Making the distance between each domino the same will create the energy transfer from one domino to another domino to be the same as well. The energy transfer will take a certain time, therefore the stance between each domino must be kept constant so that the time taken will not be altered, thus creating a consistent and valid data. The distance between the dominoes (2 CM) will be measured with a 15 CM ruler. To ensure the exact placement of the domino, a masking tape will be used to mark the center point. Number of dominoes (8) The difference in the number of dominoes used for each trials will definitely affect the time taken to complete the domino effect. The greater the amount of dominoes used, the longer the time taken to complete the effect. Similarly, using a smaller amount of domino results in faster falling time. Thus using inconsistent number of dominoes will likely cause invalid comparison between data points to occur. 8 dominoes will be used for the entire experiment. Mass of the metal weight (500 g) If the mass of the metal weight is different, this will affect the initial force acting upon the domino, and ultimately this will increase or decrease the rate of the falling domino, or it might not even budge the dominoes at all. The same metal weight will be utilized for he entire experiment. Angle between the base and the inclined ramp (200) The angle of the ramp also impacts the placement of the metal weight that acts as the trigger to push the dominoes. If the angle of the ramp is not kept constant, the potential energy stored in the metal weight will be different, thus when it is set into motion, the force that will hit the domino will not be the same. This will then interfere the consistency of the data. The angle of 200 will be set by using a protractor. Type of inclined plane Even though friction is neglected in his experiment, by using a different type of inclined plane, the acceleration of the metal weight will be slightly modified, thus the initial force exerted by the metal weight on the domino will also be altered. The same wooden plane will be utilized for the entire experiment. Starting point of the metal weight If the starting point of the ball is inconsistent, the force applied on to the dominoes will also be inconsistent, thus altering the overall data. The place where the ball will be released will be marked by a masking tape. Placement of the dominoes In order to ensure that the domino effect will move smoothly without any obstruction, the dominoes must be placed neatly in a straight line. This will avoid interruption for the time taken for the domino effect to be completed. A ruler will be used to ensure that the dominoes are placed in a straight line. Digital Mass Balance Different digital measurement tools have different calibration. Therefore, it is a crucial aspect to use the same digital mass balance for every trial because this will help create a trend in the data that is accurate and precise.

Curium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Curium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic Table of the Elements Curium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 96 Symbol: Cm Atomic Weight: 247.0703 Discovery: G.T.Seaborg, R.A.James, A.Ghiorso, 1944 (United States) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 Curium Physical Data Atomic Weight: 247.0703 Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth Element (Actinide Series) Name Origin: Named in honor of Pierre and Marie Curie. Density (g/cc): 13.51 Melting Point (K): 1340 Appearance: silvery, malleable, synthetic radioactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 299 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.28 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.3 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): (580) Oxidation States: 4, 3 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Chemistry Encyclopedia

Business environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business environment - Coursework Example Such has been the effect of globalization that each and every products and services in the modern business environment are being designed keeping in mind the preferences and tastes of the global customers (Ekholm, Forslid and Markusen, 2007). The extent of globalization has surmounted to a degree where economic policies of each and every country are interdependent. This is precisely because of the fact that economic policies in one country have a corresponding impact on the country with which it shares significant trade relationships (Haskel, Pereira and Slaughter, 2007). It is with regards to the facts that have been mentioned above, the researcher believes the statement, â€Å"National boundaries have been surmounted by the phenomenon of ‘globalization’ and therefore, national governments are no longer able to promote independent economic policies† to be absolutely justified. In this study, the researcher will conduct an extensive qualitative research on literat ures that have been published surrounding the topic. By doing so, the researcher will be endeavouring to collect conclusive evidences justifying the credibility of the proposition stated above. Financial integration is considered to be a by-product of globalization by several researchers. The business activities that are conducted in the financial service sector have become heavily globalized. A noteworthy relevance can be found in the banking and insurance industries where each and every business activities have transcend every international boundary. For instance banks all over the world are heavily engaged in transactions which increase their exposure to various foreign exchanges (Naor, Linderman and Schroeder, 2010). Therefore, any unanticipated fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate could have adverse impact on a particular bank due to its exposure to that currency (Hopkins, 2011). That is why national governments have to be very careful while drafting monetary

HRM2013 Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM2013 Human Resource Management - Essay Example The team was very positive with everyone’s suggestions and it further developed a great bond between all the participants. Everyone in the team was involved and there was a great understanding of each person’s strength and weakness. (Definition of team building, n.d) We had adopted Bruce Tuckman’s Team theory where the team’s development was split into 4 phases. Creating a structure for the group where each team member would fit in by carefully assessing each person’s ability. The team members attempt to have a leader within the group who would direct the team members. The team begins to establish rules, goals, objectives and work as a team together The last phase is the performance of the task by the team members. It is at this phase that the team starts growing together. (Teamwork Theories, n.d) There are different ways in which the team can be more successful. The employee’s attitude towards work can affect the outcome and negatively impac t the end customers. The team leader needs to ensure that the employees are co-cooperative which will increase teamwork. Respect is a very important aspect in work environment. As a team manager, one needs to understand and respect employee’s feelings, frustrations and respond appropriately than reacting to an employee’s non-productivity. The second most important way for the team to be successful is listen to the employee’s problems and not criticize or discount the issue. Acknowledging and communication helps the employees feel valued. The third most important factor that makes the team very successful is to engage the employees to do their work. If the company trusts the employees and if the employees are comfortable with the workplace, then the next level is to make the employees actively participate in decision making, publicly acknowledge the employees ideas and feedback. (Marlene, 2011) JOB ANALYSIS The primary role of a class representative to the board of studies is to be the point of contact between the academic leaders, students and parents. This role is voluntary and this nomination would be for an academic year. An effective class representative would provide valuable suggestions and contribution to the school community. This also includes several personal benefits which include many people, exposure and experience. This also provides a good platform to exercise leadership and initiate change. It also provides an opportunity to voice out opinions, concerns, feedback regarding the school. A certificate of recognition for the contributions and leadership skills would also be provided by the school thus helping them in their future jobs. (Class Representative- Job Description, n.d) Class representatives play a very important role in the school community. They are very instrumental in keeping the class in contact with the parents association and the school management. The main requirements or the prerequisites of being a school re presentative is to Be enthusiastic Hold good relations with the management and the class members Have good leadership skills Represent the class members views and feedback The role of a school representative involves a great amount of responsibility and leadership. The class representative needs to bring forward any opinions, improvement, suggestions and feedback from the class and take it to the management. The other aspect is to get feedback from the class representative regarding the policies, fees structure, and academic environment, based on the feedback from the school

Airline mergers case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Airline mergers case study - Essay Example (Holtz and Grimme, 2009, p. 13) An ‘Open Skies’ agreement was signed between USA and European in 2007 that enabled the merged firms to ‘change their ownership structure’ and to get maximum voting rights from Dutch Government authorities. Indeed, the Air France and KLM then became subsidiaries of newly formed KLM – Air France. This was quite helpful in building shareholders’ confidence over top management of new company. (Holtz and Grimme, 2009, p. 14) The governments were paying special attention to develop environmental security laws and regulations to grapple with increasingly large menace of global warming. The demand of air travel was constantly growing since 2002 because of phenomenal economic growth and increase in real incomes in both developed West and emerging nations. This in turn created more opportunities for airlines that later resulted in higher monetary gains, however, the competition among firms increased substantially because of new entrants joined the arena. Indeed, the conditions were quite favorable because of skyrocketing demand for cargo services besides normal visitors. The merger would have easily increased business efficiency, market share and consumer reach. (Friesen, 2005) The increase in employment opportunities and business scope improved the standard of living across the world. Consumers, therefore, were inclined to use air travel services in their leisure. Similarly, business personnel were also required travel services to reach their destinations abroad for negotiation with partners, dealers and parties. Hence, propensity to spend for air travel had increased. (Katarzyna, 2004) The special attention was paid to develop modernised aircrafts with greater seat capacity, range and fuel-efficiency to minimise the threat of carbon emission and pollution. Indeed, the new aircrafts were produced to reduce consumption of fossil fuels. The bargaining power of customers was medium due to the fact the

Film report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Film report - Essay Example It is therefore required after watching a film that one drafts a film report. This makes it critical to have an objective view of the film. Reflect on the themes and characters that are uniquely portrayed and try to relate them in the scenes or from how they were depicted. This is to say that you may look at the clothes worn by a character, how he/she communicates with other characters and so on. Understanding the context of the characters is usually of vital importance. One may evaluate the happenings in that time period; evaluate what the characters represent and also the symbolic scenes in that particular film. In the report, an argument is always put forward which forms a basis from which evident supporting reasons are sought. From the clearly supported argument, one can therefore relate the film with the occurrences in society for better understanding ourselves (Scott 17-27). From the films on Samurai and warfare, diverse themes come into the limelight. However it is evident that the ancient use of swords in early time’s warfare was of great significance. The theme of armor and weaponry fortifications and later on the changing strategies upon the introduction of firearms is clearly depicted in Samurai. Fighters in ancient times considered the double edged swords as an important weapon in war. In reference to these wars, the samurai sword is probably the finest edged weapon ever made. How and why it achieve this distinction from its unique metallurgy to its wide use in combat where one stroke always decided the victor. There are perhaps very few movies beyond the samurai based films that clearly show the connection between the Japanese culture and their weaponry. The fact that most of them have war themes also means that the art of war or defense was a crucial aspect of the people’s culture. Unlike some of the more recent films that seek to illuminate the life and times of the early Japanese, the samurai movies come out more

Coperate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coperate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In continuation with their philosophy on CR, these businesses focus on CR activities through the Community Committees, which have been formed to initiate, guide and channel employee engagement for the purpose of contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life of the local community that they function in. Proactively creating service excellence environment rather than reacting to end customer need is one of the ways of attaining sustainability. Positive Employee Engagement means creating a management practice which complements speedy knowledge enhancement and proactively rewards performance by staff. Proactive Relationship Management means to become a forward-looking company that anticipates business partner needs and satisfies future demand as "first movers" or at least early movers. The environmental effects of infrastructure and power plants that may cause potential harm to the environment. People are now more engaged in making their companies up for sustainable development wherein they continuously strive for success and expansion of business but still very willing to promote environment safety and protection. The United States should ensure that the new and existing companies are all geared toward sustainable development and also motivated in helping alleviate or prevent environmental pollution which also affects economic status and international trade due several reason stated below. US should also ensure that their property rights are specific, encompassing and executed properly so as to prevent losses due to violation of these international laws. Fair-trade A country's comparative advantage in environmentally intensive goods depends on, among other factors, its natural resource endowments, climate, distance to neighboring countries, and length of shared borders. It also depends of density, health, wealth, demographic structure and preferences of its population, including their valuation of environmental resources and amenities, their willingness and ability to pay for conservation, and their tolerance for pollution. Exploitation of natural resources may be sustainable such as in eco-tourism and logging carefully coordinated with reforestation or unsustainable such as when reducing stocks of endangered species and rampant deforestation. Exploitation depends on how property rights are assigned, the level and pace of society's economic and technological development, and possible profit margins and social preferences concerning the environment. Changes in environment can also influence trade patterns. Trade raises welfare only when the gains from the trade more than compensate for environmental degradation. Conversely, environmental policies should balance environmental improvements against reduction in the gains from trade at the margin. There is trade in endangered species, trade in toxic waste and trade in other environmentally hazardous products. The Role of NGOs and pressure groups These modern day heroes of corporate social

Gerrymandering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gerrymandering - Assignment Example Position of house majority whip has the responsibility of persuading members to support the conference position on votes. Other leadership positions in the house of representative are house republican conference chair, vice-chair, and secretary, house republican policy committee chairperson and national republican congressional committee chairperson. Filibuster refers to any attempt by a member to obstruct or delay the senate action on a bill or other issues by debating it for long or providing procedural motions or by any other means of delaying or obstructing the actions. Filibuster blocks the senate from making consideration for ideas that can help solve major problems faced by the United States. Members of Congress, the executive and other outside groups can draft the bill. Next step is introducing the drafted bill into the House by a representative who must be a member of the House. The speaker of the House then submits the drafted bill to a committee, which may table, amend or vote the bill and then pass it to the rules committee. Rules committee makes a decision on the rules for debating the bill. The floor of the house then debates on the bill and may add some amendments, and it goes to the senate only if majority vote in favor of the bill. After the senate action, the president may sign (approve) the bill or veto (reject) it. The bill becomes law if the president approves it. Position of house majority whip has the responsibility of persuading members to support the conference position.

Coperate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coperate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In continuation with their philosophy on CR, these businesses focus on CR activities through the Community Committees, which have been formed to initiate, guide and channel employee engagement for the purpose of contributing to economic development while improving the quality of life of the local community that they function in. Proactively creating service excellence environment rather than reacting to end customer need is one of the ways of attaining sustainability. Positive Employee Engagement means creating a management practice which complements speedy knowledge enhancement and proactively rewards performance by staff. Proactive Relationship Management means to become a forward-looking company that anticipates business partner needs and satisfies future demand as "first movers" or at least early movers. The environmental effects of infrastructure and power plants that may cause potential harm to the environment. People are now more engaged in making their companies up for sustainable development wherein they continuously strive for success and expansion of business but still very willing to promote environment safety and protection. The United States should ensure that the new and existing companies are all geared toward sustainable development and also motivated in helping alleviate or prevent environmental pollution which also affects economic status and international trade due several reason stated below. US should also ensure that their property rights are specific, encompassing and executed properly so as to prevent losses due to violation of these international laws. Fair-trade A country's comparative advantage in environmentally intensive goods depends on, among other factors, its natural resource endowments, climate, distance to neighboring countries, and length of shared borders. It also depends of density, health, wealth, demographic structure and preferences of its population, including their valuation of environmental resources and amenities, their willingness and ability to pay for conservation, and their tolerance for pollution. Exploitation of natural resources may be sustainable such as in eco-tourism and logging carefully coordinated with reforestation or unsustainable such as when reducing stocks of endangered species and rampant deforestation. Exploitation depends on how property rights are assigned, the level and pace of society's economic and technological development, and possible profit margins and social preferences concerning the environment. Changes in environment can also influence trade patterns. Trade raises welfare only when the gains from the trade more than compensate for environmental degradation. Conversely, environmental policies should balance environmental improvements against reduction in the gains from trade at the margin. There is trade in endangered species, trade in toxic waste and trade in other environmentally hazardous products. The Role of NGOs and pressure groups These modern day heroes of corporate social

Respecting the Planet With Sustainable Consumption and Production Essay

Respecting the Planet With Sustainable Consumption and Production - Essay Example This strategy has been formulated in acknowledgement of the government's responsibility of "respecting the limits of the planet's environment, resources and biodiversity" and launched through the publication of Securing the Future: Delivering UK Sustainable Development Strategy (2005). There are four definite strategic priorities that the government has decided upon, namely sustainable consumption and production, climate change, natural resource protection, and sustainable communities. The way the government deals with its priorities would be a decisive factor in determining whether we are, in fact, respecting the limits of the planet's environment, resources and biodiversity. The UK government is talking of a "one planet economy" when it comes to its strategies for sustainable consumption and production. Securing the Future relates the fact that the environmental effects of increasing global consumption and production patterns are adverse to the point of severity. Moreover, trade liberalization has got to be promoted and supported internationally, along with environmental protection and sustainable development to help the developing nations of our world. ... another need expressed through the new strategy is to raise people's awareness of social and environmental issues so that all citizens and consumers would hold themselves responsible for respecting the limits of the planet's environment, resources and biodiversity.In detail, the strategy for sustainable consumption and production involves seven concerns. First, it is crucial at this point in time that we engage in the augmentation of UK and international measures to improve the environmental performance of goods and services. This includes an enhancement of product design. Second, resource efficiency must be improved with renewed commitment. Waste must be reduced in addition to harmful emissions across business sectors. The Business Resource Efficiency and Waste (BREW) program is an aid and a means to achieve our goal. Third, the government would like to influence the consumption patterns of people across the world so as to respect the limits of the planet's environment, resources an d biodiversity. This strategy includes the issue of proposals for new advice - with latest facts - for consumers. Fourth, the UK government would like new commitments on sustainable procurement in the public sector. This is to make the United Kingdom a leader within the European Union by the year 2009. Fifth, the government plans to provide as much support as required for innovation to introduce new goods, materials, and services. Sixth, the UK government would like to strengthen its partnerships with key business sectors, that is, food, environmental industries, transport, tourism, retailers, and the construction industries. Lastly, the government aims to review its waste strategy with greater stress on moderating waste at source and making use of the waste as a

History of the Scientific Revolution

History of the Scientific Revolution What we call today as Modern Science and Technology is in fact not that modern, but was born nearly half a millennium ago at the time of Renaissance in Europe. According to traditional accounts, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance Era lasting from 15th century to 18th century. Ancient people who are considered the first scientists called themselves â€Å"natural philosophers† or â€Å"practitioners of a skilled profession† or as â€Å"followers of a religious tradition†. Both institutionally and conceptually, science was not the independent practice what we see today. Much of what we know as science originally was undertaken by priests and monks, and scientific knowledge was taught in temples and monasteries. The scientific revolution was not marked by any single change, but a century long process of discovery in which scientists further elaborated and developed the findings of those who had come before—from the scientific learning of the ancient Greeks to the scholarly contributions of the Islamic thinkers, to the work of the late medieval and early Renaissance Europeans. The Medieval Islamic Science period lasted from 7th century to 15th century, during which the Muslims were the leading scholars and the heirs to the scientific traditions of Greece, India and Persia. The Islamic Science suffered a gradual decline in the early 12th century which provided the Europeans an opportunity to seek and translate the works of Islamic philosophers and scientists. Beginning in the late 11th century and over the next two centuries the Islamic world was under pressure by The Crusades and Mongol conquests, during which libraries, observatories, hospitals, and universities were destroyed. In add ition to Mongolian invasions and the crusades, political mismanagement and the stifling of ijtihad in the 12th century in favor of taqlid thinking played a part. The destruction of the intellectual center of Baghdad the capital of the Abbasaid Caliphate in1258 is traditionally seen as the approximate end of the Islamic Golden Age. The translation of the Islamic texts into Latin during the 12th and 13th centuries had a great impact on the European Renaissance and helped Europe seize the initiative from the Muslims when political conditions in Islam brought about a decline in Islamic science. By the end of the 18th century, the Scientific Revolution had given birth to Industrial Revolution which dramatically transformed the daily lives of people around the world. During the 19th century, the practice of science became professionalized and institutionalized in ways that continued through the 20th century. According to many, scientific revolution was the prelude of a much bigger transformation, the Industrial Revolution which began in 1760’s. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history and a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industry, agriculture, and the invention of steam engine played central roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw major changes in transportation and banking systems. These changes had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions in England, and then subsequently spreading throughout the world. The first Industrial Revolution which took place from 1760 to somewhere between 1820 and 1840 evolved into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850 and continued through the 19th century. However, the date of origin is still a highly debated topic among historians. While it is difficult to explain all of the examples of how technology has influenced cult ure and vice versa, reviewing a few examples from the last few centuries it is clear that the technology developed during and after the Industrial Revolution has changed cultures from simple farming villages to modern hustling cities and sprawling suburbs. What then is the relationship between Science, Technology and Culture? It is an intricate relationship that forms a figurative circle of influence with no real start or end points. Science, Technology and Culture continue to influence one another as they evolve and change over time. From 19th century onwards science, technology and culture have significantly influenced one another. As cultures change so does the technology they develop. A contemporary writer Raymond Williams, in his book Culture and Society regards the concept of culture as consisting of four jointly applicable meanings: A general state or habit of mind, having close relations with the idea of human perfection; A general state of intellectual development in a society as a whole; The general body of arts; and A whole way of lifematerial, intellectual, and spiritual. Culture is thus the totality of the technological, sociological and ideological features of a given society. Rationality, utility, ethics, freedom, and sociality are the central cultural elements of our societies. Because science and technology rest on these central cultural elements, the adoption of new knowledge and new devices does not always imply their acceptance. We often accept an innovation owing to its evident utility at the individual level, and then criticize it for its consequences at the collective or cultural level. Science and technology can contribute to the preservations and advancement of a culture. At the same time they can also help cause its mutation and destruction. Science has contributed a great deal to human welfare. It has produced miraculous cures for diseases which for a long time, were regarded incurable. It has brought the marvels on industrialism, technology and space exploration. But science has created as many problems as it helped to solve. It has le d to an undue stress on materialism and economic barbarism in the absence of controlling mental and moral ideas. The knowledge and power of science need to be harnessed to the service of man through the culture the finer sense and sensitivity of man. For instance, beginning in the mid 1950’s, the post war years in Western Germany were marked by enormous obstacles. Due to extensive bombing destruction and dismantling of factories, various cultural and traditional supply networks were destroyed. Under this circumstance what role did culture play in the technological development of Western Germany? Stokes had argued that the way Western Germany approached technological change bound economic miracle both German past and to the country’s present day industrial structure. The Western German approach, in other words, has drawn upon a set of German technological traditions that emerged in the large 19th and early 20th centuries, major characteristics of which include a drive for technical excellence tempered by gradual implementation of new technologies. There are two views about culture and Germany’s Technological and Economic Miracle one view advanced by scholars about culture and Germany’s technological and economic miracle is that the experience of skilled workers and the persistence of socio-economic relationships were important factors in permitting an economy to reconstruct itself after a disaster. A second, and a more recent view is that the important cultural factor that was responsible for Germany’s technological and economic miracle was the ability of Western German technologists and industrialists to embrace technological alternatives. What then is the relationship between culture and technology? The culture of a society determines the nature of technological development and the evolving technological culture. Technology is thus a cultural enterprise is thus accepted that technology has had an important influence on Western civilizations for the last 300 years. But partly because of the diverse cultur es found in human societies, the contribution of some cultures to the pool of technological advances has been comparatively modest. However, technology has always been too important to be measured purely in terms of the activities of technologists. Just as history is not made by historians, but by society, so technology is not developed only by technologists but the wider community. Every human society possesses its own distinct culture, so that the members of one society behave differently in some significant respects from members of every other society. Furthermore, human societies are also distributed over very varied regions differing markedly in climate and environment. There are also very large ethnic, social and cultural differences between the various human communities and their economic conditions. In recent years the impact of culture on technology in most traditional societies has tended to bear on two opposing directions at once. On the one hand western technology is being sought virtually without limits on the other hand there is opposition to certain aspects of western lifestyles, attitudes and value. This phenomenon is termed as the techno-cultural gap between traditional values and western technology. Now, if we take these issues into full consideration, we are left to conclude that what is needed at this moment is not just an increase of interna tional technology transfer nor even the setting up of a screening mechanism permitting only appropriate technologies to be transferred, but rather a major at two levels: the domestic and the international. At the domestic level, it is important to build a popular technological awareness crossing the borderline between the so-called indigenous and modern technology people should become aware of the issues in culture and technology and they can improve their livelihood by modifying and improving indigenous and modern technologies. At the international level, the re-orientation and restructuring of science and technology must touch on two areas: On the study of science and technology in schools, scientists, technologists and science educationists of different cultures, languages and social systems must build new paradigms for science and technology education from a multicultural perspective. Science and technology must be seen as existing in all cultures, the issues must be taught and the potentials of these must be explored in situations of everyday life. An acceptance of the restructuring of RD systems could permit the developing and the industrialized countries to engage in a dialogue on alternative RD, assessment of technology for development, concrete measures to redirect government RD from technocratic to need-oriented technology development, etc and joint RD for alternative technologies. In the west, the pervasiveness of technologies like televisions, telephones, and computers is affecting the way we perceive the world and how we interact. In addition many new developments, like cloning, challenge fundamental cultural beliefs and traditions. While Western nations have become relatively accustomed to technological change since the industrial revolution, developing nations are just beginning to grapple with the problems of the rapid introduction of industrial and scientific technologies. There is growing awareness of the consequences of the interaction between science, technology and culture. However, we are just beginning to understand how to reconcile the benefits of science and technology-such as higher standards of living, longer life spans, more leisure time, and improved communications-with the possibility of reshaping, many cultures and possibly redefining fundamental aspects of society. As science and technology continue to advance, the ways in which people communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge and attitudes toward individuals, as well as local, national, and international communities, will continue to undergo radical change. The continuing development of science and technology is not inherently bad. However, it has the potential to endanger our diversity and traditional knowledge. We must work together to determine how to preserve and foster our cultural heritages at the same time we embrace the future.

Comparing Language in Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost :: comparison compare contrast essays

Function of Language in Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost      Ã‚   African American literature is a genre that has, in recent years, grown almost exponentially. African American novels such as Tina McElroy Ansa's Baby of the Family and Donald Goines' Black Girl Lost are increasingly becoming more popular with the public. Baby of the Family is a wonderfully written "coming of age novel" ("Reviews 2") about a young girl named Lena McPherson as she grows up and must learn to deal with her extraordinary powers. Much unlike this, Black Girl Lost is a "shocking novel" (Goines 208) about a young girl named Sandra, who is forced to live on the streets. Though each of these novels is unique in their own aspect, a common bond can be established between the two through the use of language employed in the text. Because of the various functions that language can serve in literature, it is a rather "fascinating phenomenon" (Blackshire-Belay 1) to study in reference to these two novels. In both Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost, language is used to reflect the speech patterns of the minority culture, as a portrayal of different worlds within the novels, and acts as a mirror to the life of the main character in order to navigate plot speed.    Language can be defined as "a regularized symbolic code that connects its users in a symbiosis of substance" (Blackshire-Belay 1). Not only are we produced by language, but we produce through language (Blackshire-Belay 1). In other words, language is a very integral part of our lives, especially in literature. It can even be said that literature, "in its most profound sense, is the most complex use of language to create meaning" (Blackshire-Belay 4). Therefore, its importance should not be looked upon lightly. In both Baby of the Family and Black Girl Lost, it seems that language is being used in order to convey the minority experience to readers, whether they be of the African American race or the dominant culture. To accomplish this, each novel displays Africanisms, or qualities that are very common in the African American language. These qualities include emphatic speech such as double negatives, call and response phrases and also metaphorical language.

The Genius by Frank O’Connor Essay -- Genius Frank Oconnor Essays

The Genius by Frank O’Connor The boy’s personality and his intelligence are swiftly established in the opening paragraph. His mother is presented as being a strong influence on him and appears as a kind of ‘ally’ against the rough children – ‘savages’ as she describes them – that live and play in the area. It is clear that she encourages him to regard himself as ‘different’ and separate from them, but it is equally obvious that he is not anxious to associate with them anyway. He describes himself as â€Å"a cissy by conviction† and says that he regarded the idea of fighting as both unattractive and ‘dangerous’. He avoids rough games and prefers the company of girls to boys only because â€Å"they don’t fight so much†. Religion seems to play an unusually important role in his life and it seems probable that this is a reflection of his close relationship with Miss Cooney. He himself uses â€Å"our Blessed Lord† as a kind of defence against bullies who might otherwise ‘hammer’ his head on the pavement. It is evident from the way he uses argument that he is unusually articulate for his age, and this is a reflection of both his natural intelligence and his strong preference for adult company. The fact that his mother has told him â€Å"about geniuses† makes it clear that she has high ambitions for him. This is reinforced by the fact that she: â€Å"Worried herself endlessly finding answers to my questions†. Miss Cooney, however, plays an important role in encouraging and ‘feeding’ the boy’s sense of himself as someone ‘special’. Although a very eccentric and even unstable woman, she recognises his intelligence and, by making her â€Å"religious books† freely available to him, seeks to plant and foster the growth of the idea th... ...y life’, but also to Frank O’Connor’s discussion of the short story in The Lonely Voice (1963). O’Connor compares the novel and the short story: whereas the novel can ‘adhere to the classical concept of civilized society, of man as an animal who lives in a community...the short story remains by its very nature remote from the community - romantic, individualistic, and intransigent.’ The relevance of aspects of this will echo through my discussion of a story by Tobias Wolff in the final section of my paper. For O’Connor, the short story is concerned with individuals who are marginalised, or who marginalise themselves: these individuals are ‘outlawed figures wandering about the fringes of society...As a result, there is in the short story at its most characteristic something we do not often find in the novel - an intense awareness of human loneliness.’

Epistemic Opacity

Michelle Freeman 05/24/2012 English 101 Epistemic Opacity Computers, tablets, I-phones, I-pads, cellular phones, e-readers and more are now considered daily necessities as well as pleasure apparatus’ that society relies on exponentially to get through each day. From the time we wake until we lie our heads down at night, society is constantly â€Å"plugged in† to some sort of technological advance. Due to this dependency on these electronic devices, society has succumb to a world of bits and bytes with no real consideration to how these tools work or provide the connection(s) we have come to count on.Sherry Turkle, an Abby Rockefeller Mauze Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology states in her essay How Computers Change the Way We Think, â€Å"Some thinkers argue that the new opacity is empowering, enabling anyone to use the most sophisticated technological tools and to experiment with in complex and creativ e ways. But it is also true that our tools carry the message that they are beyond our understanding. It is possible that in daily life, epistemic opacity can lead to passivity† (568).Epistemic opacity is a fancy way of saying that the understanding of how something actually works does not mean that you don’t know how to use or work that same something. Take a lawnmower for example; a person of general intelligence understands that gasoline needs to be put into the engine in order for it to run. That same person understands that depositing of oil is equally important for the engine to maintain lubrication and cooling. A turning of a sharp blade that is powered by the engine is what cuts the grass.Intellectually we understand not only how to use the lawnmower but how the lawnmower actually works. Typically we are not passive in our acceptance of such general day to day use items, such as said lawnmower. Technology however, is different. The intellectual understanding of t echnology and how it actually works does not seem to be a priority for the masses of today. The importance of understanding of personal technologies is key to counteracting this opacity that appears to be more and more prevalent as technological developments continue to progress.By not paying attention to the basic understanding of technology, we are willingly and openly allowing ourselves to be directed and manipulated in a way that removes individual opportunity for growth and understanding where technology is concerned; our development in this arena is left to creators of technology to decide. Intellectual lack and lesser intelligence regarding these tools of technology does not appear to be the consensus opinion among our fellow citizens but rather there is the general thought that we are all part of a growing technological wave that makes us all smarter and more advanced.However, in all actuality, it is more that cognitively people are running the risk of intellectual deficienc y and passivity as Turkle expresses. Turkle states that soon after she joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 70’s, which was coincidentally the end of an era of the slide rule and the beginning of the era of personal computers, she witnessed several senior professors in engineering complaining that the transitions from slide rule (a mechanical analog computer used primarily for multiplication and division) to calculators had affected their students ability to deal with issues of scale (564). The Professors were arguing that when students used slide rules, they had to insert decimal points themselves. They insisted that inserting the points themselves required students to maintain a mental sense of scale, whereas those who relied on calculators made frequent errors in orders of magnitude. Because of this, the students with calculators had lost their ability to do â€Å"back of the envelope† calculations, and with that, an intuitive feel for the material† (564).It is possible that because society accepts at face value the technology that we have come to depend on, that the level of passivity is leading to a reduced intelligence as a whole. Personal experience has led me to witness many people more interested in the brand, make and model of their personal technological items than as to how these items send, receive, record and process information. The general core mechanics of each individual piece of technology should be made common public knowledge.It is not so much that people need to understand the inner workings of every motherboard out there; as it is that we receive a general understanding of how personal technologies work. How does a touchscreen actually operate? How can picture messages float through the air and land inside another phone or make their way to someone’s email inbox? What do we know really about the implication of radiation, if any regarding consistently placing technology aga inst the sides of our heads?I cannot answer these questions and many others because that information is not something readily available to or sought after by the general public. Society accepts openly that these technological items do what they are marketed and sold to do. Through blind acceptance we become susceptible to a possible deprivation of necessary knowledge. It is important to comprehend the effects and/or implications of daily use, in order to facilitate continued intellectual growth that parallels the technological boom.Charles McGrath, writer and editor for the New York Times, touches on epistemic opacity in his essay The Pleasures of the text. McGrath is referring to text-messaging when he states â€Å"text-messaging is â€Å"lateral† rather than â€Å"penetrative,† and the medium encourages blandness and even mindlessness† (474). McGrath suggests that as Americans we use text-messaging with no real consideration or thought. He is referencing a com mon practice among individuals who use text-messaging to convey quick, mindless jargon in an efficient and non-personal way (474).This line of thought connects to opacity in that it shows how text-messaging is just one example of many how society has become so relaxed and comfortable in the use of technology that not only do we not consider how technology works, we have taken it even further and we don’t even truly consider what we put out into the world with our technological devices. Society has become lazy where this is concerned. Turkle supports this idea in her aforementioned essay when she expresses her personal witness to the psychological effects of computational objects in everyday life.She states that passivity regarding technology is becoming more and more apparent in that the â€Å"people who built or bought the first generation of personal computers understood them completely. The next generation of operating systems were more complex, but they still invited tha t old-time reductive understanding†. Turkle states that contemporary information technology encourages different habits of mind. She goes on to say â€Å"today’s college students are already used to taking things at (inter)face value† (568). I witness this daily in my own life every time I see my children access all different types of technology.When I ask them to explain the deeper operation of the technology they are currently using, they cannot do it. They explain it is not important to be able to use the current chosen technology. This attitude causes me concern because I worry that they are becoming a culture that does not ask the deeper questions. They just accept at (inter)face value as Turkle expressed. To grow along with the technological boom and to understand the deeper reasoning behind the operation of said technology will keep minds active and aware.It is important that resignation to acceptance of our technological world does not continue to grow an d expand. We can accomplish this by thinking for ourselves, preparing for our children and teaching future generations they must not blindly accept what is given to them. If they do, opacity and passivity will prevail to the point that we are all walking around filled with intellectual knowledge that has been directly controlled, removing individuality of thought and expression.Technology today is an amazing and powerful thing, at times it might even be considered beautiful. I personally look forward to technological advances and the wonderful happenings that will accompany these events; however, it must not be at the cost of our own personal intellectual development. Opacity and passivity are not conducive to society maintaining an upward intellectual growth regarding technology. Let us grow with and because of, technology.

Business Plan for a Real Estate Business in Bangladesh Essay

It will make good quality flats for clients to live and enjoy lot more exclusive facilities. All these will be available at a very reasonable price. Since we believe in economies of scale. Slogan: â€Å"feel like living on heaven in every moment† Financing: To start up the business, Tk. 20 crores will be required, some additional needs to be financed by the bank. The loan will be repaid by five years. Confidentiality: This Business Plan is strictly confidential and is the property of the co-owners mentioned above. Any reproduction of the material inside will result is strictly prohibited. There has always been a good demand in the real estate market, and as the income level of the people of Bangladesh grows, that demand is surging even further. People want to buy unique, good-looking and attractive flats, but they want a good value for their money as well. That’s where we come in. We offer excellent quality flats, at reasonable prices. Another uniqueness of our business is that we have a separate line of apartments for office/bank use only. There is currently no such real estate companies in Bangladesh that offers an exclusive line of apartments. Therefore, in this segment, we can enjoy the benefits of being an oligopolist. On the other hand, we have the business-to-business prospect. Due to good economic growth, apartments are on the rise. Raihan with share of profit and loss according to ratio of equity invested. Together, we have gathered the necessary expertise required to run a real estate business. Initially, we will of course incur losses, but we plan to make profits in the fourth or fifth year. Real Estate Industry Analysis Industry Analysis: Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in form of houses or commercial property. Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants includes o Developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), o Facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, anagement agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) Each product (house) is unique in terms of buildings, location, and financing thus market has heterogeneous products. Transaction costs are high and the process is usually long. Though there are mobile homes, but the land underneath is till immobile, real estate is an immovable asset. Market Segmentations: The main factor that affects demand in real estate industry is demographic features. The demographic variables include population size and growth, cultural background, beliefs. However, other factors like income, price of housing, cost and availability of funds, consumer preference, supplier’s preference, price of substitutes and compliments. Future Outlook: One of the most startling statistics regarding real estate in this country, and a fact few people even realize, is that big portion of land in the Bangladesh is held either by the Government or is being used for agricultural purposes. The total farm area comprises about 62% of the total geographical area, forest area accounts for 15%, Perennial water 11% and urban area only 01%. The physical landscape is characterized by small arable fields. There are over 11 million farm holdings with more than 65 million fragments. The pattern of land ownership is highly skewed. 5% for the families having land above 7. 2 acres own 26% of the land and 70% of the families having land below 2. 5 acres own only 29% of the land. The per capita availability of crop land is at present only 0. 24 acre. Land utilization statistics indicate that 54% of the net cropped area is single cropped and area under double and triple cropping account for 72% of the gross cropped area. 20% of the total cropped areas have irrigation facilities. Yield is low i. e. rice -0. 703 metric ton per acre. Annual food deficit ranges between 1. 5 2. 0 million metric tons. Frequent natural calamities like cyclone, flood, drought, tidal bore etc. add to the shortfall of crops and livestock. What this means is that only few portion of the country is available to support all residential and commercial uses. This equates to nearly 1800 people per square mile of land by 2020. Despite the mortgage crisis and resulting financial meltdown of the last several years, these statistics seem to indicate that owning real estate in Bangladesh will continue to be a wise investment. In the very basic economic sense, there is no more land being created (limited supply) and more population density every day (increased demand). ? Economy: Growth in FY2010 was better than expected in April 2010 in Bangladesh, as a pickup in domestic demand neutralized the impact of weak expansion in exports. Inflation came in below the April projection, and the current account surplus was higher. For FY2011, this Update retains the outlook of a moderate uptick in growth, but with a slightly lower forecast for inflation and a larger fall in the current account surplus. To raise growth prospects, power and gas shortages need to be eliminated and reforms accelerated. More fundamentally, political stability will be critical to boosting growth. The bank’s Monetary Policy Statement (MPS), issued in July 2010, indicated that there may have been some diversion of private credit into consumer spending and into speculative investments in the stock market and real estate. . So we are expecting that, the economic condition in Bangladesh will be much better for business. If we also consider the given figures the scenario will be clear more.